The Hydrogen Economy
As the world transitions to a decarbonized energy infrastructure Hydrogen may become a key factor in the future economy.
An emerging market to facilitate the
Trade
in hydrogen commodities and related products may flourish.
We have recently seen efforts to classify Types of Hydrogen with the use of
color codes.
A rush to gain an understanding of this rapidly evolving industry sector is underway, in the areas of
Hydrogen Sources,
Hydrogen Storage
and methods of Hydrogen
Energy Release
with the establishment of
Online
Collaboration Forums
Awareness of the Hydrogen Economy.
The Recovery 2.0 efforts are mainly focused around waste
HydroCarbon
materials and the recovery of
Hydrogen.
Hydrogen Trade
If you wish to buy or sell Hydrogen compounds, please feel free to
ADD
your own Buy or Sell inquiry
to the online Hydrogen exchange.
The Universal Energy Exchange (UEE) is a neutral platform that directly connects Hydrogen buyers and sellers
and has operated online since 1995.
Hydrogen Recovery
Our efforts are focused on promoting the
trade
in renewable energy by providing connections to
Hydrogen
markets.
Supporting transparency in the exchange of information surrounding the
conversion of waste or
by-products
into a specified grade of secondary commodity and
the shift towards green
Hydrogen Fuel.
Hydrogen Recovery will become a key factor in achieving environmental equilibrium by managing
Waste Regeneration.
Hydrogen derived from waste hydrocarbons may provide a solution to the growing demand for electricity and Clean Water. Hydrogen may be sourced and recovered from Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), chemical and metal hydrides and also multiple Hydroxide compounds. The electrolysis of brine solutions consisting of Mineral Salts produces Hydrogen and Exothermic Hydroxide carriers.
Hydrogen from Hydrocarbons
Developments in various methods of Hydrogen Generation continue to increase the attractiveness of the
Hydrogen Economy.
One largely untapped source of Hydrogen recovery is from solid waste materials by perfecting the
Hydrocarbon Splitting
processes.
Harnessing Hydrogen as a primary fuel to heat a
thermal reduction
process provides an opportunity to evolve methods of
combining carbon and hydrogen in the absence of oxygen to produce the required heat source.
This process generates a hydrocarbon output that may be directly cycled into the regeneration pipeline
to produce further clean hydrogen volumes.
Hydrogen Recovery Information
For anyone seeking current information or research data on Hydrogen Recovery,
you may access and ask your
Recycling Questions
to a core group of experienced and knowledgeable recycling industry professionals.
Hydrogen Sources
While Hydrogen is a common element spread throughout the universe, it is rarely found on earth as a solitary element.
Hydrogen has an affinity to bind with other elements and therefore is typically found as a complex compound
and commonly found in combination with oxygen (as H2O Water), or carbon (as Hydrocarbons).
Within the Recovery 2.0 system our efforts are mainly focused around the recovery of resources such as Hydrogen from
Mixed Solid Wastes
and
Waste Water.
Hydrogen may be recovered from a wide variety of
HydroCarbon
waste materials including
Mixed Plastic Wastes.
A yield of Hydrogen is contained in the recovered
Mineral Salts
and may be extracted by the
electrolysis of brine.
One of the most common methods of producing Hydrogen is with the use of a
Water Electrolyser.
This is also an effective use for recovered waste water.
Any number of materials that contain Hydrogen may be recovered, including the effective treatment of items such as
Hydrogen Sulfide.
Grey Hydrogen
Most hydrogen nowadays comes from natural gas: it is bonded with carbon and can be separated from it via a process
involving water called “steam reforming”, but the excess carbon generates CO2. This hydrogen is called grey whenever
the excess CO2 is not captured.
Blue Hydrogen
Hydrogen is considered blue whenever the emissions generated from the steam reforming process are captured and stored
underground via industrial carbon capture and storage (CSS), so that it is not dispersed into the atmosphere.
Turquoise Hydrogen
Turquoise hydrogen is produced by
Hydrocarbon Splitting
into recovered hydrogen and solid carbon.
(a process that does not generate CO2)
Molten Media Extraction
Green Hydrogen
Green hydrogen, also called “clean hydrogen”, is produced using a
Water Electrolyser
with electricity generated from the renewables.
Compressed Hydrogen Gas
Hydrogen is commonly stored and transported in compressed gas cylinders.
These cylinders are constructed of metals or composite materials capable of containing the high pressure gas.
Common Compressed Hydrogen Gas systems store compressed gas at pressures in the 350 to 700 bar range for commercial distribution.
Liquid Hydrogen
Hydrogen is in a liquid state at minus
252.9
degrees Celsius (below zero).
Liquid Hydrogen may be cryogenically stored at a warmer temperature than -252 °C under a higher pressure conditions.
Hydrogen has a 848 Liquid-to-Gas Expansion Ratio
Ammonia
The storage and transportation of Hydrogen in the form of
Ammonia
NH3 acts as an effective energy carrier.
Hydroxides
Hydrogen may be stored in the form of
Hydroxides
as an Exothermic Energy Carrier.
Metal Hydrides
Hydrogen may be stored within the lattice structure or on the surface of some metals,
and may be released on demand with heat.
Taking advantage of the high surface area of metal powders or pastes creates an extremely stable storage medium.
Some common Metal Hydrides currently in use in the energy sector are
Magnesium,
Iron Titanium, and Nickel
Hydrogen may also be stored within Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs), Zeolites.
Hydrogen Combustion
The reaction of oxidation,
Combustion
or Oxy-Combustion of Hydrogen releases heat energy.
This energy may be used as a primary heat source
in the Recovery 2.0
Thermal Reduction Process.
In addition to heat, the only byproduct of the oxidation of hydrogen is water.
Hydrogen Fuel
The production of
Hydrogen fuel
from a finite resource like water may not prove to be optimal.
There are an abundance of
Hydrocarbon
waste materials that can be used to produce pure Hydrogen that can be used as fuel.
Hot Gas Extraction
from the
thermal reduction
processing is a promising source of ultra green renewable Hydrogen.
Once Hydrogen has been recovered it may be used as a fundamental building block to make any form of
Hydrogen Based chemical compound including hydrocarbon derivatives or fuels.
Electric Vehicles
Fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) are powered by hydrogen.
They are more efficient than conventional internal combustion engine vehicles and
produce no tailpipe emissions, they only emit water vapor and warm air.
Buy or sell
Electric Vehicles
Fuel Cells
Fuel Cells are a type of
Electrochemical Cell.
In a fuel cell hydrogen and oxygen are combined to generate electricity, heat and water.
The chemical bonding of Hydrogen & Oxygen to form H2O molecules releases an electron charge
that may be harvested in an electric circuit.
This is an exothermic
REDOX
reaction that generates heat and this
heat energy
may be harvested.
The output product from the fuel cell reaction is H2O in the form of water vapour.
Energy may also be harvested from the hot H2O steam with the use of a Standardized
Condensing
Method.
The resulting clean water output is a useable product and may be regenerated in a
Electrolyser.
Fuel Cell Recycling
If you wish to Buy or Sell end-of-life (EOL) or
Scrap Fuel Cells,
Please ADD your inquiry to the online exchange service.
Water Regeneration
The selective recovery of
Hydrogen
&
Oxygen
provides the building blocks for the regeneration of fresh, clean
water.
We believe that water may become one of our worlds most precious resources.
Synthesis Regeneration Loop
The use of Hydrogen as a working element (refining agent) in the reduction of metal hydroxides for the conversion
into pure metals may become an essential component in the de-Carbonization of heavy industry.
By providing the activation energy required to cause hydrogen to react with a hydroxide to form a single purified or refined
element may become a key process in a greening economy. This reaction produces water as a byproduct
which in turn may be regenerated into a fresh supply of Hydrogen to continue the loop cycle.
One example of utilizing Hydrogen as a refining agent Reduction of
Magnesium
Mg(OH)2 + H2 = Mg + H2O
In this process the Hydrogen is not lost or consumed (incorporated) into the product, the Hydrogen forms the byproduct water,
On a
Mass Equilibrium
basis a limited volume of Hydrogen may be used and recirculated again and again as a continuum of the refining process.
Hydrogen Reactants
The use of Hydrogen as a chemical Reactant or as a Reducing Agent may be a critical fundamental factor in
the establishment of a fully sustainable circular economy.
Hydrogen may be sourced in the form of a gas or contained within water (H2O) typically in the form of steam.
The Hydrogen (H2) may be regenerated within either a closed or open loop cycle with methods such as
water splitting with
electrolysis
or metal
oxidation
or with the recovery of H2 from
Methane pyrolysis
or by traditional reforming processes.
Methane and Biogas
BioMethane
is also known as Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) or Sustainable Natural Gas (SNG). Converting raw biogas created from organic
waste at landfills, wastewater treatment plants, farms and food waste facilities into clean, low-carbon renewable natural gas (RNG).
Scrubbing, filtering, cleaning raw biogas by removing impurities from biomethane upgrading
the methane content equivalent to traditional
commercial grade natural gas.
