Carbon & Graphite Scrap
Please feel free to ADD your Buy or Sell inquiry
If you wish to deal in Recovered
Carbon & Graphite Scrap.
The on-line exchange service has been successfully matching Buyers and Sellers since 1995.
Separating Graphite, Carbon & Silicon Scrap into the different
Grades & Specifications
will allow you to yield the best
value
for your scrap materials.
Carbon Recovery Methods
Our approach to physical Carbon Recovery is a method to promote the conversion of carbon scrap, waste or by-products
into a specified grade of secondary commodity that acts as a direct replacement for virgin carbon materials.
A quality secondary commodity that is interchangeable or can be blended with primary commodity as a raw feedstock consumed in the
traditional established
carbon product
manufacturing chain.
For any portion of the carbon scrap, waste or by-product stream that is difficult or extremely uneconomical to
recycle in the commodity to commodity method, the
recovery
approach is pursued.
The recovery of
CO2
has its own unique set of handling requirements.
Integrated Carbon Products
There are a multitude of traditional established
Carbon Products
that consume recycled carbon as a part of their raw feedstocks.
Products in both crystalline and non-crystalline forms.
Carbon Powders & Pigments
Carbon Powders & reinforcing fillers, Carbon black.
Carbon reinforcing filler in tires, rubber and plastics, color pigment, inks, photocopier and laser printer toner.
Biochar
and soil amendment materials
Filtration Media
Activated carbon,
Carbon filtration media, used for water purification, air filtering and industrial gas processing.
Electrolytic Carbon products
The electrical industry utilizes carbon and graphite electrodes, carbon brushes, electronic components and carbon blocks.
Battery materials
Fabricated Carbon Products
Carbon &
Graphite
such as common pencil lead,
crucibles and Graphite Refractory Materials
The potential expansion of future developments in the use of
Graphene
along with advanced concepts surrounding carbon nano tubes show great promise.
Carbonates & Mineralization
The conversion of carbon and CO2 into industrial mineral compounds and carbonates is a natural reaction that may be mimicked.
One of the most commonly used industrial minerals is
Calcium Carbonate
(CaCo3) and limestone products.
The mineralization or conversion of Potassium (K) and Sodium (Na) is also quite common.
Producing Magnesium (Mg) and Lithium (Li) carbonates is a common process along with the manufacturing
other metal carbonates and carbides.
Clean Carbon Fuels
Solid Fuels
Liquid Fuels
Solid Carbon Fuels
One of the most exciting untapped potentials is the production of clean recovered
solid carbon fuels
that may be a direct green substitute for coal.
The adoption of
closed loop
mass balance technologies, that eliminate combustion emissions
to the atmosphere, may provide a virtually unlimited use case for any volume of carbon on a
regenerating
cycle.
Liquid Fuels
The conversion of CO2 and CO based hydrocarbons into
condensed
intermediate chemicals such as
Naphtha (CnH2n(n=5~8)), Methanol (CH3OH) and Ethanol (C2H6O).
These intermediate chemicals may be further converted into liquid fuels that are commonly used in the transportation industries,
such as Gasoline (C8H18), Diesel (C12H23) or Kerosene (C12H26C15H32) aviation fuels.
New approaches to generate electricity with methods such as
Direct Carbon Fuel Cells
may prove more efficient than traditional combustion.
Carbon Recovery Information
For anyone seeking current information or research data related to CO2 and Carbon Recovery,
you may access and ask your
Carbon Recovery Questions
to a core group of experienced and knowledgeable environmental recycling industry professionals.
Carbon Footprint
Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Carbon Monoxide CO, Carbon Dioxide CO2
An increased awareness of Climate Change has accelerated efforts for everyone to reduce their Carbon Footprint and
has resulted in an proliferation of
Carbon Offset Credit
schemes and a multitude of
Carbon Capture & Sequestration
projects.
Green Carbon Market
We believe in the potential of a Green Carbon Market, a
Waste Regeneration
service based on the benefits and environmental impact
of removing atmospheric aerosol carbon particles and particulates.
Carbon Capture
There seems to be three main focal points that carbon capturists are concentrating on, At-Source Capture,
Atmospheric Collection and Mobile Carbon Capture.
There are a wide variety of proposals, approaches and
methods
applied to Carbon Capture,
many of these theories need to be proven at scale and economically.
At-Source Carbon Capture
The capture of part or all of the CO2 emissions at the source point from Power Plants,
Cement Kilns
or other high volume generation sources.
Closed loop carbon capture at thermal
combustion sites
provides the opportunity to covert waste emissions into a valuable resource as
Bio-Refining
feedstocks.
Atmospheric Carbon Collection
Carbon Capture from the general atmosphere taps into an air flow and extracts
a percentage of the CO2 contained in Atmospheric air, this is commonly known as Direct Air Capture.
The establishment of multiple collection operations around the world would theoretically reduce
the CO2 levels globally.
Within the Recovery 2.0 system the opportunity to install and operate a CO2
Direct Air Capture
unit in conjunction with a Wind Energy Harvesting module is an attractive option.
The selective extraction of CO2 from a captive flow of ambient air may provide a cost effective method
to approach Direct Air Capture.
CO2 may be segregated from atmospheric air using a choice of several methods including solvent absorption or
selective filtration media.
One alternative method is
Fractional Distillation
by
Compressing
the captive air flow. Extracted CO2 may be routed directly into the Recovery 2.0
pipeline.
Mobile Carbon Capture
The theory of Mobile Carbon Capture is to reduce or eliminate CO2 emissions from internal combustion engines
such as cars and trucks. In general the approach captures CO2 from the tailpipe emissions.
Much development is still required to work through this technology and its implementation.
Carbon Capture Methods
Of the many technologies and methods currently being pursued, we have spotlighted just a few.
Zeolites are microporous aluminum silicate minerals commonly used as commercial adsorbents and catalysts.
Metal Organic Frameworks known as MOFs are synthetically engineered to perform specific selective, repetitive
Carbon Capture and CO2 hydrogenation tasks.
Using catalysts and electro catalyst to turn CO2 into valuable compounds is a promising, scaleable approach.
Absorption, or carbon scrubbing with amines and alkaline solvents is a proven technology used in the
chemical and refining industries.
And of course we can not ignore the power of natural plant CO2 absorption and the untapped usage of
Algae, bacteria and enzymes.
Carbon Sequestration
Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) vs. Carbon Capture and Recovery (CCR)
From the prospective of an old recycler, the concept of storage or
sequestration
seems incomplete or inadequate.
The idea of expending the effort of collecting something and then hiding it feels like a potential liability
or at the very least an irresponsible practice.
Applied to any other type of scrap, waste or by-product sequestration goes against
The 4 Rs Principals.
CO2 Sinks
Within the
Recovery 2.0
system we attempt to take every available opportunity to neutralize the abundance of excess CO2
that surrounds us.
We view CO2 in the same light as any other commodity and respect its value as a resource,
while recognizing the economic, energy and environmental costs associated with its treatment, handling
and responsible life cycle disposition.
The Recovery 2.0 process creates multiple point source pathways that may act as
CO2 sinks
in the methodical design
of material flows that support CO2 Recovery.
CO2 Recovery
CO2 Recovery from
flue gas
(smokestack) emissions,
Atmospheric Carbon
collection or
Hydrocarbon Wastes
processing. No matter the source of your CO2
the method you choose to recover the CO2 will depend upon the end product you wish to obtain.
Some common desired end products are
Renewable Natural Gas (RNG)
or the production of
Liquid CO2
and the direct reduction of CO2 into
Carbon Solids
or mineralized
carbonate
and carbide materials.
The use of reverse combustion technology will allow the production of carbon products directly from recovered CO2.
The alternate method that we explored is the direct conversion of CO2 to
electricity.
The thermal reduction of CO2 through direct splitting of carbon and oxygen may prove to be undesirable due to its energy intensity.
The economic justification for CO2 splitting can not be warranted by the value of the carbon and oxygen recovered,
but the process may be performed if a client is willing to subsidize the cost.
One alternative, as an
interim step,
is to convert CO2 with a source of hydrogen into a hydrocarbon fuel.
The hydrocarbon fuel may be sold directly into the market or may be further refined into
clean Hydrogen
and
solid carbon
as a method of Hydrocarbon Splitting.
These interim steps may prove to be more economically desirable then the energy required to do single step CO2 splitting.
CO2 Conversion
There are a number of approaches to converting CO2 emissions into other forms,
typically these methods are energy intense as it takes a large amount of energy to break the strong stable molecular bonds that hold
Carbon Dioxide together.
Splitting
CO2 into a Solid Carbon Product is one approach that typically applies heat or electricity to reduce the carbon.
Processing methods that sink CO2 into
mineralized
materials are developing as the technologies and market drivers mature.
Al/CO2 Electrochemical Cell
Direct production of electricity from CO2 Recovery with the use of a
Al/CO2 Electrochemical Cell.
Research into this experimental technology that
converts Carbon Dioxide to create electricity and
Recovered Carbon
is an exciting option.
CO2 Splitting
The concept of CO2 Splitting addresses the remediation of Carbon Dioxide emissions by capturing and segregating
carbon
and
oxygen.
The energy required to split CO2 may be derived in the form of heat (thermal reduction) or novel approaches such as
Plasma Arc
technology or photocatalystic CO2 splitting.
Molten Media CO2 Splitting
One method of CO2 Splitting may be the use of a
molten media
such as a metal,
where the controlled bubbling of Carbon Dioxide through a redox reactor may reduce the CO2 into Solid Carbon.
The oxygen binds with the molten metal to form a metal oxide and the
solid carbon
floats to the top where it may be skimmed and harvested.
The metal oxide needs to be
regenerated
into molten metal in order to be cycled once again.
Melting and maintaining the molten media is an energy intense process,
the media regeneration may also require the input of energy.
CO2 Utilization
The utilization of recovered Carbon Dioxide or Carbon Monoxide typically falls under one of 3 main classifications,
CO2
Working fluids
that may be converted into fuels or chemicals,
CO2 may also be converted into a range of
solid carbon
products,
The
mineralization
of CO2 may produce a wide range of metal or alkali carbonates or carbides.
CO2 Working Fluids
Carbon Dioxide is a versatile material that may be utilized in a number of products.
CO2 emissions may be consolidated and channeled into a
CO2 Pipeline
where the hot pressurized gas may be harnessed to produce electricity.
CO2 may also be utilized as a working fluid in a
Pumped Heat Energy Storage
system.
Compressed CO2 gas invokes an extreme cold side reaction upon rapid expansion which is valuable for heat exchange and
Thermal Energy
generation.
Direct use of CO2 gas may be beneficial in greenhouse applications to promote plant growth.
Compressed CO2 is commonly used as a fire suppressant.
There are many established industrial uses for
Liquid CO2
and Solid CO2 (Dry Ice).
CO2 and syngas may be used as a feedstock to manufacture methanol which may be converted into
fuels such as gasoline, diesel and aviation fuels.
CO2 may be used as a raw feedstock as a precursor or building block to manufacture chemical products.
CO2 may be used as a component to allow microbes or enzymes to digest materials into protein meals and oils that may be used as
animal feed supplements for the production of fish food and poultry feeds.
Liquid CO2
One product that is in high demand is Liquid CO2.
A common method for the recovery of CO2 gas produces pressurized Liquid CO2.
If you wish to Buy or Sell
Liquid CO2
the exchange service connects potential trading partners for industrial gas products.
In the phase change from liquid to gas, CO2 volume expands on a 535:1 ratio which creates
a
pressure
sufficient to drive a turbo machine to generate electricity.
Pressurized Liquid
CO2
in the 40 Bar range may be stored at ambient temperature.
CO2 Mineralization
The mineralization of CO2 may produce a wide range of metal or alkali carbonates or carbides.
The conversion of CO2 into minerals such as
calcium carbonate
(CaCO3) or
Magnesium Carbonate
(MgCO3) may be a useful foundation for the creation of
Circular Aggregate Materials
for use in the production of building and construction materials.
Products such as cement and precast concrete are ideal candidates to incorporate recovered CO2.
Mineralized alkali based products such as Sodium, Potassium,
Calcium
and
Magnesium
make an excellent sink for CO2 by producing products that are in high volume demand.
The production of many of these items creates an opportunity for
Exothermic Energy
Harvest.
